The build you send to the app store is a 'Distribution' build you generally create by copying the Release build, assign the the distribution certificates for code signing etc.
The main differences between the two are inclusion of debug symbols and lack of optimization in the debug build, which makes it a bit larger and slower then a release build, but much easier to debug during development. For release builds you will use symbolication to later check crash logs.
This is all covered in much more detail in the developer Documentation:
iOS Developer Library