I suppose "xcode just crapped its pants" could be the reason...

but errors like that usually indicate that a framework is missing from your project.
When you say "I started adding in the Core Location code", I'm assuming you're talking about
source code. But have you added the framework(s) that this new code links against?
Also, the ".o" files are the intermediate files that the compiler produces as output from compiling a ".m" (or ".c", or ".cpp" I believe) source file. Once all of the source files have been compiled into .o files, the linker is then put in charge to make all of the appropriate connections. If a framework (aka "library") hasn't been added to the project, the linker can't make the connections and spits out error messages -- just like the ones you've posted.