OpenGL shows .PNG halos?

[Johanovski]

Hi there!

I'm working in an OpenGL application and when using .PNG images I've seen that OpenGL seems to draw a non-existing halo rounding the transparent part of the image... Why is this happening? Is there any way to avoid this halo? Here's the method I'm using to load an image:

- (id) initWithImage:(UIImage *)uiImage
{
	NSUInteger				width,
							height,
							i;
	CGContextRef			context = nil;
	void*					data = nil;;
	CGColorSpaceRef			colorSpace;
	void*					tempData;
	unsigned int*			inPixel32;
	unsigned short*			outPixel16;
	BOOL					hasAlpha;
	CGImageAlphaInfo		info;
	CGAffineTransform		transform;
	CGSize					imageSize;
	Texture2DPixelFormat    pixelFormat;
	CGImageRef				image;
	UIImageOrientation		orientation;
	BOOL					sizeToFit = NO;
	
	
	image = [uiImage CGImage];
	orientation = [uiImage imageOrientation]; 
	
	if(image == NULL) {
		[self release];
		NSLog(@"Image is Null");
		return nil;
	}
	

	info = CGImageGetAlphaInfo(image);
	hasAlpha = ((info == kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast) || (info == kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst) || (info == kCGImageAlphaLast) || (info == kCGImageAlphaFirst) ? YES : NO);
	pixelFormat = kTexture2DPixelFormat_RGBA8888;	
	
	imageSize = CGSizeMake(CGImageGetWidth(image), CGImageGetHeight(image));
	transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;

	width = imageSize.width;
	
	if((width != 1) && (width & (width - 1))) {
		i = 1;
		while((sizeToFit ? 2 * i : i) < width)
			i *= 2;
		width = i;
	}
	height = imageSize.height;
	if((height != 1) && (height & (height - 1))) {
		i = 1;
		while((sizeToFit ? 2 * i : i) < height)
			i *= 2;
		height = i;
	}
	while((width > kMaxTextureSize) || (height > kMaxTextureSize)) {
		width /= 2;
		height /= 2;
		transform = CGAffineTransformScale(transform, 0.5, 0.5);
		imageSize.width *= 0.5;
		imageSize.height *= 0.5;
	}
	
	switch(pixelFormat) {		
		case kTexture2DPixelFormat_RGBA8888:
			colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
			data = malloc(height * width * 4);
			context = CGBitmapContextCreate(data, width, height, 8, 4 * width, colorSpace, kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast | kCGBitmapByteOrder32Big);
			CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace);
			break;
		case kTexture2DPixelFormat_RGB565:
			colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
			data = malloc(height * width * 4);
			context = CGBitmapContextCreate(data, width, height, 8, 4 * width, colorSpace, kCGImageAlphaNoneSkipLast | kCGBitmapByteOrder32Big);
			CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace);
			break;
			
		case kTexture2DPixelFormat_A8:
			data = malloc(height * width);
			context = CGBitmapContextCreate(data, width, height, 8, width, NULL, kCGImageAlphaOnly);
			break;				
		default:
			[NSException raise:NSInternalInconsistencyException format:@"Invalid pixel format"];
	}
 

	CGContextClearRect(context, CGRectMake(0, 0, width, height));
	CGContextTranslateCTM(context, 0, height - imageSize.height);
	
	if(!CGAffineTransformIsIdentity(transform))
		CGContextConcatCTM(context, transform);
	CGContextDrawImage(context, CGRectMake(0, 0, CGImageGetWidth(image), CGImageGetHeight(image)), image);
	//Convert "RRRRRRRRRGGGGGGGGBBBBBBBBAAAAAAAA" to "RRRRRGGGGGGBBBBB"
	if(pixelFormat == kTexture2DPixelFormat_RGB565) {
		tempData = malloc(height * width * 2);
		inPixel32 = (unsigned int*)data;
		outPixel16 = (unsigned short*)tempData;
		for(i = 0; i < width * height; ++i, ++inPixel32)
			*outPixel16++ = ((((*inPixel32 >> 0) & 0xFF) >> 3) << 11) | ((((*inPixel32 >> 8) & 0xFF) >> 2) << 5) | ((((*inPixel32 >> 16) & 0xFF) >> 3) << 0);
		free(data);
		data = tempData;
		
	}
	self = [self initWithData:data pixelFormat:pixelFormat pixelsWide:width pixelsHigh:height contentSize:imageSize];
	
	CGContextRelease(context);
	free(data);
	
	return self;
}

- (id) initWithData:(const void*)data pixelFormat:(Texture2DPixelFormat)pixelFormat pixelsWide:(NSUInteger)width pixelsHigh:(NSUInteger)height contentSize:(CGSize)size
{
	GLint					saveName;
	if((self = [super init])) {
		glGenTextures(1, &_name);
		glGetIntegerv(GL_TEXTURE_BINDING_2D, &saveName);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, _name);
		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
		switch(pixelFormat) {
			
			case kTexture2DPixelFormat_RGBA8888:
				glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
				break;
			case kTexture2DPixelFormat_RGB565:
				glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5, data);
				break;
			case kTexture2DPixelFormat_A8:
				glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_ALPHA, width, height, 0, GL_ALPHA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
				break;
			default:
				[NSException raise:NSInternalInconsistencyException format:@""];
			
		}
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, saveName);
	
		_size = size;
		_width = width;
		_height = height;
		_format = pixelFormat;
		_maxS = size.width / (float)width;
		_maxT = size.height / (float)height;
	}					
	return self;
}

Anyone know anything about this?

Thanks in advance!

[Kalimba]

What you're seeing is probably the known PNG premultiplied alpha issue. Search the forum or Google for more information. My solution was to write and use my own PNG loader using libpng (free open source).

[Johanovski]

Hi Kalimba!

Thanks for your reply, it's solved!
I've searched over the net and I've found how to prevent OpenGL to do this. In the OpenGL initialization, you may have this:

glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);

Well, it's that simple that you must change this line for this one:

glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);

And voilà, no halo is shown then!

Hope it helps someone with the same problem!